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PENENTUAN DERAJAT KETOKSIKAN AKUT JUS LIMBAH KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr) PADA IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio)
ABSTRAK
Limbah kulit nanas dihasilkan cukup tinggi, namun demikian cukup berpeluang
sebagai obat sehingga keamanannya perlu diteliti secara ilmiah. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk menentukan derajat ketoksikan akut jus limbah kulit nanas
(Ananas comosus [L.] Merr) pada ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) secara in vivo
berdasarkan nilai LC50. Uji toksisitas terdiri dari uji pendahuluan, uji definitif, dan
uji batas. Uji pendahuluan dilakukan pada stadium juvenil ikan mas dengan air
sebagai kontrol negatif dan jus limbah kulit nanas berbagai konsentrasi (0,01; 0,1;
1; 10; 100; 1000 mg/L) sebagai perlakuan yang diinkubasi selama 96 jam. Ikan
sejumlah 7 ekor digunakan pada masing-masing konsentrasi. Parameter kualitas
air yang diamati yaitu suhu, pH, dan oksigen terlarut. Jumlah mortalitas ikan dan
gejala klinis dicatat selama pengamatan. Nilai LC50 pada uji definitif dihitung
berdasarkan analisis probit menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 23. Derajat
ketoksikan akut ditentukan berdasarkan kategori toksisitas sesuai tabel GESAMP
tahun 2002. Uji batas dilakukan menggunakan 7 ikan pada konsentrasi tunggal
100 mg/L dan air sebagai kontrol negatif yang diinkubasi selama 96 jam. Hasil uji
pendahuluan menunjukkan tidak ada mortalitas hingga konsentrasi 1000 mg/L
pada ikan sehingga tidak bisa dilanjutkan ke uji definitif. Gejala yang teramati
pada uji pendahuluan yaitu hipoaktif, hiperaktif, perilaku abnormal di dasar
wadah, dan perilaku abnormal pada permukaan wadah. Hasil uji batas
menunjukkan tidak ada mortalitas sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa jus limbah
kulit nanas memiliki LC50 > 100 mg/L dengan kategori praktis tidak toksik.
Kata kunci: Toksisitas akut, jus kulit nanas, Cyprinus carpio..vii
ABSTRACT
Pineapple skin waste is produced quite high, however, it has enough potential as a
drug so its safety needs to be scientifically investigated. This study aimed to
determine the degree of acute toxicity of pineapple peel waste juice (Ananas
comosus [L.] Merr) in carp (Cyprinus carpio) in vivo based on the LC50 value. The
toxicity test method consists of a preliminary test to determine the concentration
in the definitive test, definitive test, and limit test. Preliminary tests were carried
out at the juvenile stage of carp with water as a negative control and pineapple
peel waste juice in various concentrations (0.01; 0.1; 1; 10; 100; 1000 mg/L) as a
treatment which was incubated for 96 hours. A total of 7 fish were used at each
concentration. The water quality parameters observed were temperature, pH, and
dissolved oxygen. Total fish mortality and clinical symptoms were recorded
during the observations. The LC50 value in the definitive test was calculated based
on probit analysis using SPSS version 23 software. The degree of acute toxicity
was determined based on the toxicity category according to the 2002 GESAMP
table. The limit test was carried out using 7 fish at a single concentration of 100
mg/L and water as negative control which was incubated for 96 hours. The results
of the preliminary test showed that there was no mortality up to a concentration of
1000 mg/L in fish so it could not be continued for a definitive test. Symptoms
observed in the preliminary test were hypoactivity, hyperactivity, abnormal
behavior at the bottom of the container, and abnormal behavior on the surface of
the container. The limit test results showed no mortality, so it can be concluded
that pineapple peel waste juice has an LC50 > 100 mg/L with practically non-toxic
category.
Keywords: Acute toxicity, pineapple peel juice, Cyprinus carpio.
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