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UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK AIR KULIT BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST
ABSTRAK
Limbah kulit nanas dapat diolah menjadi sediaan farmasi, namun penelitian terkait
toksisitas kulit nanas masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan toksisitas akut
ekstrak air kulit nanas berdasarkan parameter LC50 dan gambaran kerusakan morfologi larva
Artemia salina. Metode yang digunakan adalah Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Uji pendahuluan
dilakukan menggunakan masing-masing 10 ekor larva Artemia salina dalam 10 mL ekstrak
air kulit nanas dengan konsentrasi 10000;1000;100;10;1; 0,1 ppm. Uji definitif dilakukan
dengan 7 variasi konsentrasi berdasarkan hasil uji pendahuluan ditambah dengan kontrol
negatif air laut dan kontrol positif kalium dikromat 39,06 ppm. Pengamatan dilakukan
terhadap jumlah kematian dan kerusakan morfologi larva Artemia salina setelah 24 jam. Data
jumlah kematian larva dianalisis dengan analisa probit menggunakan perangkat Microsoft
Excel dan dihasilkan nilai LC50. Data pengamatan kerusakan morfologi larva Artemia salina
dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil uji pendahuluan berupa rentang konsentrasi untuk uji
definitif yaitu 100; 251; 630; 1583; 3975; 6987; dan 10000 ppm. Nilai LC50 yang didapatkan
berdasarkan uji definitif adalah sebesar 1185 ppm. Kerusakan morfologi larva Artemia salina
akibat paparan ekstrak air kulit nanas terjadi di bagian antenula, apendages, perut, dan saluran
pencernaan. Ekstrak air kulit nanas termasuk kategori tidak toksik dengan nilai LC50 > 1000
ppm. Kerusakan morfologi larva Artemia salina terjadi pada konsentrasi 630-10000 ppm.
Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Air Kulit Nanas, Toksisitas Akut, BSLT
ABSTRACT
Pineapple peel waste can be processed into pharmaceutical dosage form, but research
related to the toxicity of pineapple peel is still limited. Based on the LC50 value and the
description of morphological damage in Artemia salina larvae, this study seeks to establish
the acute toxicity of pineapple peel aqueous extract. The method used is the Brine Shrimp
Lethality Test. Preliminary tests were carried out using each of 10 Artemia salina larvae in 10
mL of pineapple peel water extract at concentrations of 10000;1000;100;10;1; 0.1 ppm.
Based on the results of the preliminary test, the definitive test was conducted with seven
concentration variations, plus a saltwater negative control and a potassium dichromate 39.06
ppm positive control. After 24 hours, observations were performed on the number of deaths
and morphological damage of Artemia salina larvae. An LC50 value will be generated by
performing a probit analysis on data regarding the number of larvae deaths using Microsoft
Excel. A morphological damage of Artemia salina larvae were analyzed descriptively.
Results of the preliminary test are presented as concentration ranges for the final test,
including 100, 251, 630, 1583, 3975, 6987, and 10,000 ppm. The LC50 value obtained based
on the definitive test was 1185 ppm. Morphological damage to Artemia salina larvae due to
exposure to water extract of pineapple peel occurred in the antenula, appendages, abdomen,
and digestive tract. Pineapple peel water extract belongs to the non-toxic category with LC50
value is > 1000 ppm. Morphological damage to Artemia salina larvae occurred at
concentrations of 630-10000 ppm.
Keywords: Pineapple peel, Acute Toxicity, BSLT
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