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PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK DAN FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN METANOL HERBA ASHITABA (Angelica keiskei.)
ABSTRAK
Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) secara empiris dimanfaatkan sebagai makanan, obat,
ramuan obat dan peningkat vitalitas. Adapun secara ilmiah ashitaba dilaporkan
memiliki aktivitas farmakologis sebagai antimalaria, antibakteri, menurunkan
kadar trigliserida, penangkal radikal bebas, analgetik dan antiinflamasi.
Berdasarkan studi diketahui bahwa senyawa golongan fenolik dan flavonoid
berperan dalam aktivitas farmakologis ashitaba. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan
studi mengenai penetapan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total pada ashitaba. Tujuan
dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total dari ekstrak
etanol 96% dan metanol 80% herba ashitaba yang sebelumnya belum pernah
dilakukan. Ashitaba diekstraksi dengan metode sonikasi menggunakan dua pelarut
berbeda yaitu etanol 96% dan metanol 80%. Pada ekstrak ashitaba dilakukan
skrining fitokimia untuk mendeteksi senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid dengan uji
tabung. Selain itu dilakukan penetapan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total dengan
metode kolorimetri. Hasil penetapan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total selanjutnya
dianalisis dan dibandingkan menggunakan uji T (Independent Sample T-test)
dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% (? = 0,95) pada SPSS versi 25. Hasil penetapan
kadar fenolik total ekstrak etanol 96% dan metanol 80% secara berturut ? turut
sebesar 30,51 ? 0,11 mg EAG/g ekstrak dan 32,88 ? 0,53 mg EAG/g ekstrak.
Adapun hasil penetapan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak etanol 96% dan metanol 80%
secara berturut ? turut sebesar 39,65 ? 0,60 mg EK/g ekstrak dan 22,08 ? 0,13 mg
EK/g ekstrak. Berdasarkan uji statistik, terdapat perbedaan pada kadar fenolik dan
flavonoid total pada kedua ekstrak yang ditandai dengan p value < 0,05.
Kata kunci: Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei), kadar fenolik total, kadar flavonoid total,
etanol 96%, metanol 80%viii
ABSTRACT
Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) is empirically used as food, medicine, medicinal
herb and increase vitality. Scientifically, ashitaba is reported to have biological
activity as antimalarial, antibacterial, decrease triglyceride levels, free radical
scavenging, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Based on research, it is known that
phenolic and flavonoid compounds play a role in pharmacological activity of
ashitaba. Therefore, it is necessary to studies about determination of total phenolic
and flavonoid contents. The aim of this study was to determination and compare the
total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 96% ethanol and 80% methanol extracts of
ashitaba herb that was never been carried out. Ashitaba was extracted using
sonication method by two different solvents, ethanol 96% and methanol 80%.
Ashitaba extract was screened for phenolic and flavonoid compound using tube test.
Besides that, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined with
colorimetric method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed and
compared using T test (Independent Sample T-test) with confidence level of 95%
(? = 0.95) by SPSS version 25. The results showed that the total phenolic content
of 96% ethanol and 80% methanol extracts are 30,51 ? 0,11 mg GAE/g extract and
32,88 ? 0,53 mg GAE/g extract. The results showed that the total flavonoid content
of 96% ethanol extract and 80% methanol extract are 39,65 ? 0,60 mg QE/g extract
and 22,08 ? 0,13 mg QE/g extract. Based on statistical tests, there were differences
in total phenolic and flavonoid levels in two extracts which indicated by p value
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