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OPTIMASI FORMULA EMULGEL MINYAK ATSIRI KULIT JERUK (Citrus nobilis L.) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI CARBOPOL 940 DAN TRIETANOLAMIN
ABSTRAK
Minyak atsiri kulit jeruk (Citrus nobilis L.) diketahui mengandung senyawa
limonen yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri penyebab jerawat. Pemanfaatan kulit
jeruk sebagai agen antijerawat dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan emulgel untuk
mempermudah pengaplikasiannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan
konsentrasi carbopol 940 dan trietanolamin (TEA) untuk memperoleh formula
optimum dan menentukan sifat fisik emulgel minyak atsiri kulit jeruk. Minyak atsiri
kulit jeruk diperoleh menggunakan metode distilasi uap-air dan dilakukan analisis
senyawa limonen menggunakan GC-MS. Optimasi formula dilakukan dengan
metode Simplex Lattice Design menggunakan aplikasi Design Expert 13 dan
menghasilkan 8 formula. Dilakukan evaluasi sifat fisik emulgel berupa uji pH,
viskositas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat sebagai parameter respon untuk mendapatkan
formula optimum. Hasil uji sifat fisik sediaan optimum emulgel diverifikasi
menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 25 dengan metode one-sample t-test. Rendemen
minyak atsiri kulit jeruk diperoleh sebesar 0,33%. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan
bahwa senyawa limonen menjadi senyawa paling dominan yang terkandung dalam
minyak atsiri kulit jeruk. Hasil optimasi formula emulgel diperoleh konsentrasi
carbopol 940 1,25% dan TEA 1,75%. Berdasarkan analisis statistik one sample ttest sifat fisik sediaan optimum antara hasil percobaan dengan hasil prediksi tidak
berbeda signifikan (p>0,05). Sediaan optimum emulgel berwarna putih, bau khas
kulit jeruk, konsistensi semi padat, nilai pH sebesar 7,04?0,07, viskositas sebesar
20.824?423,42 cP, daya sebar sebesar 5,28?0,09 cm dan daya lekat sebesar
4,427?0,209 detik. Sediaan emulgel minyak atsiri kulit jeruk memenuhi syarat sifat
fisik emulgel.
Kata kunci : Emulgel, Kulit jeruk, Optimasi, Simplex lattice design.viii
ABSTRACT
Essential oil from citrus peels (Citrus nobilis L.) reportedly contains
limonene compounds which are effective as antibacterial agents against acne.
Utilization of citrus peel as an anti-acne agent is formulated emulgel dosage form
to facilitate its application. This study aims to determine the concentrations of
carbopol 940 and triethanolamine (TEA) to obtain the optimum formula and to
determine the physical properties of citrus peel essential oil emulgel. Citrus peel
essential oil was obtained using steam distillation method and limonene compound
analysis was conducted using GC-MS. Formula optimization was performed using
Simplex Lattice Design method using Design Expert 13 application and resulted in
8 formulas. Evaluation of the physical properties of the emulgel included pH test,
viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion as response parameters to obtain the optimum
formula. The results of the physical properties test of the optimum emulgel dosage
form were verified using SPSS application version 25 with one-sample t-test
method. The yield of citrus peel essential oil obtained was 0,33%. GC-MS analysis
showed that limonene compound was the most dominant compound contained in
citrus peel essential oil. The optimization results of the emulgel formula obtained
concentrations of carbopol 940 at 1,25% and TEA at 1,75%. Based on the statistical
analysis of the one-sample t-test, there was no significant difference observed
between the physical properties of the optimal formulation from experimental
results and predicted outcomes (p>0,05). The optimum emulgel dosage form was
white in color, had a characteristic citrus peel odor, semi-solid consistency, pH value
of 7,04 ? 0,07, viscosity of 20.824 ? 423,42 cP, spreadability of 5,28 ? 0,09 cm,
and adhesion of 4,427 ? 0,209 second The citrus peel essential oil emulgel dosage
form complied with the physical characteristics of the emulgel.
Keywords : Emulgel, Citrus peel, Optimization, Simplex lattice design.
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