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STUDI RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK BERDASARKAN KLASIFIKASI ATC/DDD DAN KRITERIA GYSSENS DI BAGIAN PENYAKIT TELINGA, HIDUNG DAN TENGGOROKAN (THT) RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT SELAMA PERIODE JANUARI 2012 – DESEMBER 2013
ABSTRAK
STUDI RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK BERDASARKAN KLASIFIKASI ATC/DDD DAN KRITERIA GYSSENS DI BAGIAN PENYAKIT TELINGA, HIDUNG DAN TENGGOROKAN (THT) RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT SELAMA PERIODE JANUARI 2012 – DESEMBER 2013
Anak Agung Gde Agung Adistaya, Yunita Sabrina, Dian Puspita Sari
Latar Belakang: Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang prevalensinya cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Antibiotik selalu diresepkan untuk pengobatan penyakit infeksi di Indoneisa tetapi kebanyakan peresepan tersebut masih belum rasional. Evaluasi pemberian antibiotik dapat diukur dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Namun di Indonesia masih sedikit penelitian mengenai evaluasi rasionalitas tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik berdasarkan uji kuantitatif dan kualitatif di bagian Telinga, Hidung, Tenggorokan (THT) RSUP-NTB.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Rekam medik pasien yang digunakan berasal dari bagian THT RSUP NTB selama periode Jenuari 2012 – Desember 2013 yang diambil secara retrospektif. Rekam medik dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data penggunaan antibiotik dan permasalahan pada pasien selama periode diekstraksi dari rekam medik. Data tersebut selanjutnya dievaluasi secara kuantitatif dengan klasifikasi ATC/DDD dan kualitatif dengan kriteria Gyssens.
Hasil: Data dari 70 rekam medik yang dapat dievaluasi dan terdapat 124 peresepan antibiotik. Penggunaan seftriakson dan sefadroksil merupakan yang tertinggi berdasarkan DDD/100 hari rawat inap yaitu masing-masing 30,82 dan 11,90. Secara kualitatif, 70,03% peresepan antibiotik di bidang ini masih belum rasional dan 54,64% masuk dalam kategori IVA (ada antibiotik lain yang lebih efektif).
Simpulan: Rasionalitas peresepan antibiotik di bidang THT RSUP NTB masih sangat rendah dan sebagian besar terdapat antibiotik lain yang lebih efektif. Kedua antibiotik yaitu seftriakson dan sefadroksil merupakan antibiotik dengan DDD/100 hari rawat inap tertinggi dalam penelitian ini.
Kata Kunci: Antibiotik, THT, Rasional, Kuantitatif, Kualitatif
ABSTRACT
A RASIONALITY STUDY OF ANTIBIOTICS USE BASED ON ATC/DDD CLASSIFICATION AND GYSSENS CRITERIA IN EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT (ENT) DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL HOSPITAL OF NUSA TENGGARA BARAT DURING JANUARY 2012-DECEMBER 2013
Anak Agung Gde Agung Adistaya, Yunita Sabrina, Dian Puspita Sari
Background: Infectious diseases are highly prevalent health problems in Indonesia. Antibiotic therapy is usually prescribed for the treatment, but most of antibiotic prescriptions in Indonesia were still considered to be irrational. Evaluation of antibiotic therapies can be measured using quantitative and qualitative methods. However, such studies were scarcely found in Indonesia. This study was aimed to describe the rationality of antibiotics use in Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department of RSUP-NTB (Central General Hospital of Nusa Tenggara Barat).
Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The medical records of patients admitted to ENT Department of RSUP NTB within January 2012 to December 2013 were sought retrospectively. The medical records were selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data of antibiotic prescriptions and patients’ problems during their admission period were extracted from the medical records. The data were evaluated using ATC/DDD classification for quantitative evaluation and Gyssens Criteria for qualitative evaluation.
Results: Data from seventy medical records were evaluated and 124 antibiotic prescriptions were found from these records. Ceftriaxone and Cefadroxyl were the most prescribed antibiotics with Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/100 bed days 30.82 and 11.9 respectively. Qualitatively, 70.03% of antibiotic use in this department was considered to be irrational with 54.64% of these fell into IVA category (there are more effective alternatives).
Conclusion: Rational antibiotic prescriptions in ENT Department of RSUP-NTB were still low with most of the antibiotics prescribed had more effective alternatives. Two antibiotics, Ceftriaxone and Cefadroxyl were found to have the highest DDD/100 bed days in this study.
Key Words: Antibiotics, ENT, Rational, Quantitative, Qualitative
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